visual Why do we fear the unknown? Talk with your partner, and then we'll share our ideas with the class.

"I _____ be scared." Add each modal to this sentence and think of a situation that might make this true. What are the modals? You may need to add words to the sentence. CCQs

Open the second part of the HO; leave the third part folded still. First cross out the incorrect modals, second pick which one you think is best. ICQ - Are you going to check the last part yet? (no) - What are you going to cross out? (the wrong modals) - What will you circle? (the best modals) Talk with your partner about these questions. WC FB Elicit what they know about modal verbs... form, meaning, pronunciation S + modal verb + main verb - Should / Shouldn’t / - Ought to – used for obligations that are not strong – it is not necessary but is a good idea or the right thing (eg You should be nervous. You ought to be nervous.) - Must / mustn’t – expresses necessity (obligation or logical necessity) (eg I mustn’t go in there. He’s not answering his phone, so he must be asleep.) *’have to’ and ‘have got to ‘ are similar but usually express external obligation versus must’s normal internal obligation. * ‘don’t have to’ expresses that something is not necessary. Mustn’t expresses ‘not allowed to.’ * ‘Can’t’ expresses the logically impossible. - Can – expresses ability (She can scream), permission (You can go), general possibility (It can be a sign of stress.) - Could – expresses ability (She could disappear when she wanted), permission (Could you leave us alone for a minute?), or present/future possibility (He could be gone.) - May - generally expresses possibility in two ways: permission (first person, formal) (May I go now?) or present / future possibility (He may be coming now.) - Might – expresses present/future possibility (We might see you again.) and reported speech as the past of may (He said she might come.) DRILL pronunciation in sentences, as needed. (should, shouldn't, ought to, must, mustn't, can, could, may, might) CCQs With should, is the obligation strong or not? (not strong) Is it a good idea though? (yes) Is ought to the same or different than should? With must, is the obligation strong or weak? (strong) Is this only commands or can it also be used for logical necessity? (both) With can, how many things can be expressed? (3) What are they? Ability, permission, general possibility With could, how many things can be expressed? (3) What are they? Ability, permission, present/future possibility With may, how many things can be expressed? (2) What are they? Permission or present/future possibility With might, how many things can be expressed? (2) What are they? Present/future possibility & reported speech of (past) may

Earthquake exercise I have removed the modals from these paragraphs. Don't worry about the missing modals. Skim the text to find the main idea, then check with your partner to see if you agree about what the main idea is. Are you going to read every word? (no) What will you be looking for? (the main idea) Will you worry about the missing words? (no) WC FB - What was the main idea?

Now read the text again and cross out the incorrect modal verb. Sometimes there will be more than one true answer. Check with your partner please. What will you cross out? (wrong modals) Is there only one true answer? (no)

The Ss will write several sentences about 'What I could and should do this afternoon.' Model 'I should work on my homework for an hour or two, but I might go to the Tulip Festival instead.' or 'I could also spend time with my family, but I may just go to a cafe and read a book.' If there is time, share these with the class. Otherwise, T can collect them and check them, giving them back after the next class period.