I will show Ss a picture of Las Vegas and ask them: “Can you guess what place this is?” – Las Vegas “Have you ever been to Vegas?”

GIST LISTENING TASK: I will tell them I traveled to Las Vegas some years ago, and that I will tell them about my experience there. I will ask them to pay attention to my story in order to answer to the following questions: 1. Did I win or lose money gambling in Vegas? 2. Who cried? Why? Next, I will read my story out loud: “Some years ago, my husband and I spent some days in Vegas. On the first day, we spent only $1 on gambling. People around us might have thought we were a little crazy because they looked at us with funny faces, but believe it or not, we won $25! My husband thinks we should have gambled more. The most amazing thing was our helicopter tour over the Grand Canyon. The view was breathtaking. In the last evening we saw a wonderful acrobatic show. At the end, the audience cheered and applauded so enthusiastically that some of the artists cried. They must have felt very grateful and proud of their performances. I really hope we can go to Vegas again soon.” Then, I will elicit the answers to the two questions.

TARGET LANGUAGE IDENTIFICATION I will show Ss the script and ask the following question: “What phrase in the text represents criticism about a past action?” - should have gambled. We will highlight it in the text and I will check meaning with the following CCQs: “My husband thinks we should have gambled more.” CCQ 1: Did we gamble a lot? – No CCQ 2: Did my husband think we gambled too little? – Yes CCQ 3: Did he regret it? – Yes Next, I will ask the following question: “What phrase in the text shows that I am partially sure about something?” - might have thought. We will highlight it in the text and I will check meaning with the following CCQs: “People around us might have thought we were a little crazy because they looked at us with funny faces.” CCQ 1: Were we crazy? – No CCQ 2: Did people tell us we were crazy? – No CCQ 3: How sure was I about people’s impression on us? – Mightbe 50% sure Finally, I will ask the following question: “What phrase in the text shows that I am 100% sure about something?”, and we will highlight it in the text. I will not apply CCQs here because they will check the meaning of this phrase when working in pairs during guided discovery. However, if they ask questions about the meaning of “must have felt” at this point, I will use more CCQs, if needed, as follows: “What real evidence do I have that shows me that the performers were grateful and proud?” – They cried “Is it a strong evidence?” - Yes “Is there any doubt that the performers were grateful and proud?” - No “What real evidence do I have that shows me that we people thought we were crazy?” – None “Is there any doubt about the people’s opinion on us?” – Yes “Was it rather my impression or a confirmed fact?” – My impression

GUIDED DISCOVERY Students will be sent to breakout rooms to work together in 4 questions based on the text, but before that, we will answer together the following question, as a model: Which underlined verbs are in the past participle? __________________ , __________________ , __________________ (thought, gambled, felt) Students will be given 6 minutes to answer the 4 questions in breakout rooms. I will send them a Google Forms link for them to work on. I will explain that they don’t need to write anything in the last question, just do it orally with their partner. I will then open the breakout rooms and monitor their conversations. This is the complete Guided Discovery sheet, with answers: Guided Discovery Some years ago, my husband and I spent some days in Vegas. On the first day, we spent only $1 on gambling. People around us might have thought we were a little crazy because they looked at us with funny faces, but believe it or not, we won $25! My husband thinks we should have gambled more. The most amazing thing was our helicopter tour over the Grand Canyon. The view was breathtaking. In the last evening we saw a wonderful acrobatic show. At the end, the audience cheered and applauded so enthusiastically that some of the artists cried. They must have felt very grateful and proud of their performances. I really hope we can go to Vegas again soon. 1. Which sentence shows more certainty? ( ) People around us might have thought we were a little crazy. ( X ) They must have felt very grateful and proud of their performances. 2. In the text, what verbs follow might, should, and must? have + past participle (thought / gambled / felt) 3. In the affirmative form, how can we contract might have, should have, and must have, when followed by a main verb in the past participle? Might’ve, should’ve, must´ve 4. How do we pronounce might have, should have, and must have in the following sentences to sound more natural? A. People around us might have thought we were a little crazy. /ˈmaɪt əv/ B. My husband thinks we should have gambled more. /ˈʃʊd əv/ C. They must have felt very grateful and proud of their performances. /ˈməst əv/ Once back to the main session, we will check the answers and work on connected speech for pronunciation. I will explain how we connect the modal verb and “have” and show them the corresponding IPA to help them visualize it as well. I will elicit some more sounds that can be connected in the 3 sentences of guided discovery final exercise. We will first repeat the target language phrases (might have thought, should have gambled, must have felt) through choral and individual drilling. If needed I will use my fingers for them to see the connection between the modal verb and “have” (4 fingers for “they might have thought” and then I will join the second and the third finger for them to see we connected and reduced sounds in “might’ve”). Finally, I will ask them to individually repeat the whole sentences after me.

I will give Ss a link to a second Google Form, for Controlled Practice. Students will be given 3 minutes to do the following exercise individually: Controlled Practice Choose the best option to fill in the following blanks: 1. I am positive I didn’t forget the keys in my office. I ________________ them somewhere else. ( ) must have left – correct answer ( ) might have left 2. Why didn’t you call me? You _______________ me about that. ( ) must have told ( ) should have told – correct answer 3. Jane is one hour late. She _________________ her train. ( ) might have missed – correct answer ( ) should have missed 4. He never misses our staff meetings. Something really serious _________________. ( ) might have happened ( ) must have happened – correct answer 5. She was talking on the cell phone when she crashed her car. She ____________________ more careful. ( ) should have been – correct answer ( ) must have been 6. I’m not sure they really liked that joke. They _____________________ embarrassed. ( ) might have felt – correct answer ( ) must have felt 7. I feel sick today. I ___________________ less at the party yesterday. ( ) might have eaten ( ) should have eaten – correct answer 8. He is very sorry for his mistake. He feels that he ___________________ to our advice. ( ) should have listened – correct answer ( ) must have listened We will check the answers with OCFB. If students come up with questions at this point, I will elicit clarification from peers.

I will tell Ss the following: “For 1 min, think about something you did in the past that maybe you should have done differently.” Next, I will explain they will work in breakout rooms for 6 minutes to share that experience with their partner and explain the consequences. I will ask them to try to use the following phrases as much as possible: • I should have + past participle (done) … • (Someone) must/might have + past participle … I will then open the breakout rooms and monitor their conversations. Once back to the main session, I will ask them to tell us what curious experiences their peers told them. At the end, I will provide some language feedback through DEC.